Excessive salt above what plants need limits plant growth and productivity and can lead to plant death. Plants are generally most sensitive to salinity during germination and early growth. Effect of soil salinity on growth, water status and nutrient. Excessive salt not only destroys the soil structure, salt also attracts water.
The present work was conducted to elucidate the effect of soil type, salinity stress and allelochemicals from alfalfa on the germination efficiency, seedling growth and photosynthetic pigments of medicago sativa l. There are few studies in which the effect of several composts applied as on soil properties and plant growth has been studied under controlled conditions. This is referred to as the osmotic or waterdeficit effect of salinity. However, in extremely saline soils glycophytes are unable to both exclude salt and obtain sufficient water for maintenance dnrq 1997. The amount of land occupied by saline soils is increasing in many parts.
The fruit yield results revealed that eggplant was moderately sensitive to salinity. Bioremediation is an effective method of treating heavy metal polluted soils. Although increasing soil solution salinity has a positive effect on soil aggregation and stabilization, at high levels salinity can have negative and potentially lethal effects on plants. Volume ii, issue iv, april 2015 ijrsi issn 2321 2705. Levels of soil moisture were 40, 60, and 80% of capillary capacity.
Excess salts in the root zone hinder plant roots from withdrawing water from surrounding soil. Moreover, salt stress reduces plant growth due to speci. Salinity was varied by proportionally changing the concentration of all macro nutrients. Soil ph is a characteristic that describes the relative acidity or alkalinity of the soil. It is a widely accepted method that is mostly carried out in situ. Plant growthpromoting effect of plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria pgpr strain pseudomonas fluorescens wcs417r on arabidopsis. Effect of salinity on germination, seedling growth and acid.
An increased concentration of salt in soil inhibits plant growth, eventually leading to plant death, and high salinity in soil is a major issue facing the agriculture industry. It affects crop yields, crop suitability, plant nutrient availability, and activity of soil microorganisms which influence key soil processesincluding the emission of greenhouse gases such as. Salinity affects imbibition, germination and root elongation. Effect of salinity and moisture content of soil on growth. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of salinity and moisture content of soil on growth, nutrient uptake, sodiumpotassium relationship, and yield of wheat plant. The saltinduced water deficit is one of the major constraints for plant growth in saline soils. Build a bottle ecosystem according to the attached instructions. Plants growing on these soils show a reduction in growth, performance, and yield. Indeed, salinity effects on plant growth reduction are a timedependent process, and munns et al. Pdf soil salinity causes, effects, and management in. Pdf on oct 10, 20, manoj kumar jhariya and others published effect of salinity on plant.
Effect of salinity treatment on plant height slips or leaf elongation transplants 7 6. Soil salinity effect according to the basics of salinity and sodicity effect on the physical properties of soil, in the root zone of the plant, excess salt can hinder or prevent the plant from withdrawing water from surrounding soil. These two varieties were selected as representatives of different lettuce genotypes with varying salt tolerance, based on initial germination. Effect of salinity on germination and seedling growth of. This process can be accentuated by climate change, excessive use of groundwater mainly if close to the sea, increasing use of lowquality water in irrigation, and massive introduction of irrigation associated with intensive. Effect of soil salinity on growth, water status and. In pennsylvania saline soils are rarely encountered because soluble salts typically do no accumulate as rain, snow and other precipitation events effectively flush soluble salts out of plant root zones. The second effect of salinity is shown when excessive amounts of. The effect of salinity on germination, growth characters. Effect of salinisation of soil on growth and macro and micronutrient. Effect of soil type, salinity, and allelochemicals on. Effect of salinity on germination, seedling growth and.
The latter could be attributed to tuber formation starting at a smaller plant size at high salinity. In addition, many nutrient interactions in saltstressed plants can occur. Generally, the effect of salinity and here we are concerned primarily with nacl as these ions are the commonest cause of salinity on plants have been determined not in terms of survival, but in its effect on vegetative growth. Table 174 shows similar information for a number of trace elements. The main effect of salinity has been attributed to the reduction water potential of soil or the enhance concentration of ion in plant cells to levels that. Soils and irrigation waters contain multiple types of salt, each of which may exert different effects on plant cultivation. Effects of nacl on seed germination in some species from. Lack of flowing fresh water to flush our rivers, salts and other minerals etc in our water supply, along with other problems, all contribute to this.
About 20% of all irrigated land is affected by soil salinity, decreasing crop yields kader. The purpose of the present research was to obtain data on eggplant grown under 0. Place soil and about 30 fast plant seed in the upper chamber. Plants are affected by salt stress in two main ways. By anthea hudson salinity is becoming an increasing problem along waterways, on irrigated land, deserts and other areas, worldwide. Soil salinity imposes ion toxicity, osmotic stress, nutrient n, ca, k, p, fe, zn deficiency and oxidative stress on plants, and thus limits water uptake from soil. Effects of salinity on plant growth salinity becomes a problem when enough salts accumulate in the root zone to negatively affect plant growth. Effects of salinity and sodicity on plant growth annual. The adverse effects of salinity on plant growth and development are complex, and may resuit from a combination of. Genetics and plant physiology, conference plant physiology and genetics achievements and challenges, 2426 september 2014, sofia, bulgaria, special issue part 2, 434. The amount of arable land in the world is equal to 1. Effect of salt stress on plant growth and metabolism of bean. Salinity has a dual effect on plant growth via an osmotic effect on plant water uptake, and specific ion toxicities. Soils polluted with heavy metals have become common across the globe due to increase in geologic and anthropogenic activities.
Based on the effect of different soil ph on the growth of vegetative traits, reproductive investment and pollen allergenicity of a. The salt remains behind in the soil when water is taken up by plants or lost to evaporation. Saline and sodic soils ndsu north dakota state university. Effect of salinity on growth of different mungbean varieties. By decreasing the osmotic potential of the soil solution, plant access to soil water is decreased, because of the decrease in total soil water potential. Effect of soil salinity on growth, gas exchange and antioxidant defense of two paulownia lines. The ionic content was increased on the shoot in aconsequence of increasing salinity concentrations levels at different soil textures. However, the way in which nacl exerts its influence on these vital processes, whether it is through an osmotic effect or a specific ion toxicity. Although both used varieties, dlba and dh1, responded in biomass reduction their reaction was different figure 5. Compost effects on soil properties and plant growth effect of composts on soil properties and plant growth is strongly affected by soil properties. Effect of salinity on plant growth and their management. Article effect of soil salinity and foliar application of.
Irrigation salinity occurs due to increased rates of leakage and groundwater recharge causing the watertable to rise. Allow to grow about 4 days before beginning the experiment. Soil salinity causes prominent losses of yield in all crops, therefore causing to reduction in crop. The high salt content lowers osmotic potential of soil water and consequently the availability of soil water to plants. When salt sensitive plants are grown on saline soils plant injury can occur. Pdf salinity effect on plant growth and other physiological. Increase in plant growth was due to os motic adjustment and. The integrated effect of salinity, organic amendments. Soil salinity significantly reduces plant phosphorus p uptake because phosphate ions precipitate with ca ions bano and fatima, 2009. Effects of salt source and irrigation water salinity on. Pdf salinity effect on plant growth and other physiological processes. This process can be accentuated by climate change, excessive use of groundwater mainly if close to the sea, increasing use of lowquality water in irrigation, and massive introduction of irrigation. Effect of soil salinity and ion toxicity on crop growth.
Salinity affects almost all aspects of plant development including. Soil salinity is among the most important stresses worldwide decreasing plant growth and agricultural production. Salts affect plant growth due to increasing soil osmotic pressure and to interference with plant nutrition. Salt stress affects many physiological aspects of plant growth. Salinity is one of the environmental factors that has a critical influence on the germination of halophyte seeds and plant establishment. Dec 09, 2014 soil salinity imposes ion toxicity, osmotic stress, nutrient n, ca, k, p, fe, zn deficiency and oxidative stress on plants, and thus limits water uptake from soil. Chemical elements that plants need element role nitrogen helps plants to produce new, green growth.
The main effect of salinity has been attributed to the reduction water potential of soil or the enhance concentration of ion in plant cells to levels that interfere with metabolism kalaji. The remaining 20% of the salinity effect on growth was most likely explained by a decrease in stomatal conductance. Soil electrical conductivity ec is a measure of the amount of salts in salinity of soilsoil. Boron is the minor constituent of most concern for toxicity in saltaffected soils table 176.
However, there is a subset of plants called halophytes that have adapted to growing in highsaline areas. Photosynthesis is a vital process that produces oxygen for plants and animals. Nacl was added to the soil and salinity was maintained at 0. Pdf soil salinity causes, effects, and management in cucurbits. How does salinity affect plant growth and what can be done. Effect of soil ph on the growth, reproductive investment. Effect of salts stress on the growth and yield of wheat. Rising watertables can bring salts into the plant root zone which affects both plant growth and soil structure. Salinity effect on plant growth and other physiological processes article pdf available in acta physiologiae plantarum 152. The ability to survive at a particular salinity is important ecologically in influencing the natural distribution of plant species in saltaffected soils. Growth of plants was stimulated by salt and their optimum growth was at 7.
The impact of salinity varies with plant species, stage of growth, management practices. The present study was designed to study the effect of salinity on seed germination, seedling growth and acid phosphatase activities in romaine and vista. Effects of soil salinity on plant growth salt stress is one of the major abiotic threats to plant life and plant agriculture worldwide and significantly reduces crop yield in affected areas. In some cases, salinity also has a toxic effect on plant, because of the high concentration of certain salts in the soil. Unfortunately, neither the mentioned processes can prevent a soil from eventu ally becoming salinized. This bush species is salt tolerant at seed germination stage. When the electrical conductivity ec of the soil solution increased from 1 to ds m. Effects of salinity on plant growth and crop yields springerlink.
Fertilizer management software and an international expert in plant nutrition and irrigation. Globally, predominantly in arid and semiarid climates, it is estimated that 20% of irrigated land is negatively impacted by salt. Using the biology in a bottle model, both aquifer and soil contamination can be studied. Phosphorus p is a major essential element for plant growth and production 10.
Pdf effect of salinity on plant growth and their management. It can be said that, the ability of the plant to maintain its osmotic potential at levels below that of the osmotic potential of the soil surrounding the plant zhang et al. Saline soils will have a relatively high number of sodium ions compared to healthy soils. Basics of salinity and sodicity effects on soil physical. Some means of collecting saline drainage waters is essen tial to balance salt inflow and outflow. Compost application can improve soil quality and productivity as well as sustainability of agricultural production by replenishing soil organic matter and supplying nutrients. Table 3 demonstrated the effect of salinity concentration levels on the ionic content of barley plant at different soil textures. As a result, salinity cannot be increased to maintain soil structure without considering potential impacts on plant health. The soil may contain adequate water, but plant roots are unable to absorb the water due to unfavorable osmotic pressure. Effect of soil ph on the growth, reproductive investment and. The small leaf area at high salinity was related to a reduced specific leaf area and increased tubershoot weight ratio. Salinity is a major problem affecting crop production all over the world. Volume ii, issue iv, april 2015 ijrsi issn 2321 2705 effect.
Soil salinity is a worldwide problem hampering productivity of several agricultural crops. However, fewer studies on the effect of soil salinity on root growth have been conducted munns, 2002. Shoot growth and dry matter are reduced by salinity, root. Effects of ph, sodicity, and salinity on soil fertility.
The effect of salinity on photosynthesis sciencing. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of different salt sources cacl 2, cano 3 2, mgcl 2, mgso 4, nacl and na 2 so 4 in irrigation water with different salinity levels 0. Growth clearly is a key parameter in both ecological and agricultural contexts. Effect of salt application on electrical conductivity of soil solution for slip plantings. The regional institute the effect of salinity on plant. Saline soils and plant growth penn state extension. Effects of salinity on plant growth and crop yields. Mar 16, 2005 the present work was conducted to elucidate the effect of soil type, salinity stress and allelochemicals from alfalfa on the germination efficiency, seedling growth and photosynthetic pigments of medicago sativa l.
Salinity, plant available water, red ferrosols, wheat. Soil salinity and atmospheric relative humidity influence plant growth, but few data are. Threshold soil salinity and slope values of the yield response to soil salinity level were determined as vegetative dry weight. According to munns 11, salt stress decreases growth in most plants, including halophytes. Saline soil is a term used to describe excessive levels of soluble salts in the soil water soil solution, high enough to negatively affect plant growth, resulting in reduced crop yields and even plant death under severe conditions figure 1. Salinity prevents the plants from taking up the proper balance of nutrients require for healthy growth. Effects of nacl on seed germination in some species. Excess amount of salts in the soil affects plant from germination to harvesting 6. Compost effects on soil properties and plant growth. The salinity of soil refers to the amount of salts in the soil and it can be estimated by measuring the electrical conductivity ec of an extracted soil solution.
Compost effects on soil properties and plant growth abstract compost production is considered an economic and environmentally friendly means to reduce the waste going into landfill. Soil electrical conductivity ec is a measure of the amount of salts in salinity of soil soil. Saline, or saltdense environments such as ocean coasts, threaten the ability of plants to undergo photosynthesis. More important to the plant, the process produces energy for growth and reproduction. Effects of salinity on plant growth and crop yields t.
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